Msds of prednisone tablets. Prednisone
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Msds of prednisone tablets
DailyMed - PREDNISONE tablet.
If you are a consumer or patient please visit this version. Prednisone tablets, USP contain prednisone which is a glucocorticoid. Glucocorticoids are adrenocortical steroids, both naturally occurring and synthetic, which are readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. The chemical name for prednisone is pregna-1,4-diene-3,11,trione monohydrate, 17,dihydroxy-. The structural formula is represented below:.
Prednisone is a white to practically white, odorless, crystalline powder. It is very slightly soluble in water; slightly soluble in alcohol, chloroform, dioxane, and methanol. Each tablet, for oral administration, contains 5 mg, 10 mg or 20 mg of prednisone, USP anhydrous.
In addition, each tablet contains the following inactive ingredients: anhydrous lactose, colloidal silicon dioxide, crospovidone, docusate sodium, magnesium stearate and sodium benzoate. Naturally occurring glucocorticoids hydrocortisone and cortisone , which also have salt-retaining properties, are used as replacement therapy in adrenocortical deficiency states. Their synthetic analogs are primarily used for their potent anti-inflammatory effects in disorders of many organ systems.
Glucocorticoids cause profound and varied metabolic effects. Primary or secondary adrenocortical insufficiency hydrocortisone or cortisone is the first choice; synthetic analogs may be used in conjunction with mineralocorticoids where applicable; in infancy mineralocorticoid supplementation is of particular importance ; congenital adrenal hyperplasia; hypercalcemia associated with cancer; nonsuppurative thyroiditis.
As adjunctive therapy for short-term administration to tide the patient over an acute episode or exacerbation in: psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, including juvenile rheumatoid arthritis selected cases may require low-dose maintenance therapy , ankylosing spondylitis, acute and subacute bursitis, acute nonspecific tenosynovitis, acute gouty arthritis, post-traumatic osteoarthritis, synovitis of osteoarthritis, epicondylitis.
During an exacerbation or as maintenance therapy in selected cases of: systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic dermatomyositis polymyositis , acute rheumatic carditis. Pemphigus; bullous dermatitis herpetiformis; severe erythema multiforme Stevens-Johnson syndrome ; exfoliative dermatitis; mycosis fungoides; severe psoriasis; severe seborrheic dermatitis.
Control of severe or incapacitating allergic conditions intractable to adequate trials of conventional treatment: seasonal or perennial allergic rhinitis; bronchial asthma; contact dermatitis; atopic dermatitis; serum sickness; drug hypersensitivity reactions.
Severe acute and chronic allergic and inflammatory processes involving the eye and its adnexa such as: allergic corneal marginal ulcers, herpes zoster ophthalmicus, anterior segment inflammation, diffuse posterior uveitis and choroiditis, sympathetic ophthalmia, allergic conjunctivitis, keratitis, chorioretinitis, optic neuritis, iritis and iridocyclitis.
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in adults; secondary thrombocytopenia in adults; acquired autoimmune hemolytic anemia; erythroblastopenia RBC anemia ; congenital erythroid hypoplastic anemia. To induce a diuresis or remission of proteinuria in the nephrotic syndrome, without uremia, of the idiopathic type or that due to lupus erythematosus.
To tide the patient over a critical period of the disease in: ulcerative colitis, regional enteritis. Tuberculous meningitis with subarachnoid block or impending block when used concurrently with appropriate antituberculous chemotherapy; trichinosis with neurologic or myocardial involvement.
Prednisone tablets are contraindicated in systemic fungal infections and known hypersensitivity to components. Increased dosage of rapidly acting corticosteroids is indicated in patients on corticosteroid therapy subjected to any unusual stress before, during and after the stressful situation. Average and large doses of hydrocortisone or cortisone can cause elevation of blood pressure, salt and water retention, and increased excretion of potassium.
These effects are less likely to occur with the synthetic derivatives except when used in large doses. Dietary salt restriction and potassium supplementation may be necessary.
All corticosteroids increase calcium excretion. Literature reports suggest an apparent association between use of corticosteroids and left ventricular free wall rupture after a recent myocardial infarction; therefore, therapy with corticosteroids should be used with great caution in these patients. Corticosteroids can produce reversible hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal HPA axis suppression with the potential for corticosteroid insufficiency after withdrawal of treatment.
Adrenocortical insufficiency may result from too rapid withdrawal of corticosteroids and may be minimized by gradual reduction of dosage. This type of relative insufficiency may persist for up to 12 months after discontinuation of therapy; therefore, in any situation of stress occurring during that period, hormone therapy should be reinstituted.
If the patient is receiving steroids already, dosage may have to be increased. Metabolic clearance of corticosteroids is decreased in hypothyroid patients and increased in hyperthyroid patients. Changes in thyroid status of the patient may necessitate adjustment in dosage. Patients who are on corticosteroids are more susceptible to infections than are healthy individuals. There may be decreased resistance and inability to localize infection when corticosteroids are used.
Infection with any pathogen viral, bacterial, fungal, protozoan or helminthic in any location of the body may be associated with the use of corticosteroids alone or in combination with other immunosuppressive agents that affect cellular immunity, humoral immunity, or neutrophil function. With increasing doses of corticosteroids, the rate of occurrence of infectious complications increases. Corticosteroids may exacerbate systemic fungal infections and therefore should not be used in the presence of such infections unless they are needed to control life-threatening drug reactions.
Latent disease may be activated or there may be an exacerbation of intercurrent infections due to pathogens, including those caused by Amoeba, Candida, Cryptococcus, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Pneumocystis, Toxoplasma. It is recommended that latent amebiasis or active amebiasis be ruled out before initiating corticosteroid therapy in any patient who has spent time in the tropics or any patient with unexplained diarrhea.
Similarly, corticosteroids should be used with great care in patients with known or suspected Strongyloides threadworm infestation. In such patients, corticosteroid-induced immunosuppression may lead to Strongyloides hyperinfection and dissemination with widespread larval migration, often accompanied by severe enterocolitis and potentially fatal gram-negative septicemia. The use of prednisone in active tuberculosis should be restricted to those cases of fulminating or disseminated tuberculosis in which the corticosteroid is used for management of the disease in conjunction with an appropriate antituberculous regimen.
If corticosteroids are indicated in patients with latent tuberculosis or tuberculin reactivity, close observation is necessary as reactivation of the disease may occur. During prolonged corticosteroid therapy, these patients should receive chemoprophylaxis. Administration of live or live, attenuated vaccines is contraindicated in patients receiving immunosuppressive doses of corticosteroids.
Killed or inactivated vaccines may be administered. However, the response to such vaccines may be diminished and cannot be predicted.
Indicated immunization procedures may be undertaken in patients receiving nonimmunosuppressive doses of corticosteroids as replacement therapy e. Chickenpox and measles can have a more serious or even fatal course in pediatric and adult patients on corticosteroids.
In pediatric and adult patients who have not had these diseases, particular care should be taken to avoid exposure. How the dose, route and duration of corticosteroid administration affect the risk of developing a disseminated infection is not known. If exposed to chickenpox, prophylaxis with varicella zoster immune globulin VZIG may be indicated. If exposed to measles, prophylaxis with pooled intramuscular immunoglobulin IG may be indicated.
If chickenpox develops, treatment with antiviral agents may be considered. Use of corticosteroids may produce posterior subcapsular cataracts, glaucoma with possible damage to the optic nerves, and may enhance the establishment of secondary ocular infections due to bacteria, fungi or viruses. The use of oral corticosteroids is not recommended in the treatment of optic neuritis and may lead to an increase in the risk of new episodes. Corticosteroids should not be used in active ocular herpes simplex because of possible corneal perforation.
The lowest possible dose of corticosteroids should be used to control the condition under treatment. When reduction in dosage is possible, the reduction should be gradual. Discontinuation of corticosteroids may result in clinical improvement. As sodium retention with resultant edema and potassium loss may occur in patients receiving corticosteroids, these agents should be used with caution in patients with congestive heart failure, hypertension, or renal insufficiency.
Drug-induced secondary adrenocortical insufficiency may be minimized by gradual reduction of dosage. This type of relative insufficiency may persist for up to 12 months after discontinuation of therapy following large doses for prolonged periods; therefore, in any situation of stress occurring during that period, hormone therapy should be reinstituted.
Steroids should be used with caution in active or latent peptic ulcers, diverticulitis, fresh intestinal anastomoses, and nonspecific ulcerative colitis, since they may increase the risk of a perforation. Signs of peritoneal irritation following gastrointestinal perforation in patients receiving corticosteroids may be minimal or absent. There is an enhanced effect due to decreased metabolism of corticosteroids in patients with cirrhosis.
Corticosteroids decrease bone formation and increase bone resorption both through their effect on calcium regulation i. This, together with a decrease in the protein matrix of the bone secondary to an increase in protein catabolism, and reduced sex hormone production, may lead to inhibition of bone growth in pediatric patients and the development of osteoporosis at any age.
Growth and development of infants and children on prolonged corticosteroid therapy should be carefully observed. Special consideration should be given to patients at increased risk of osteoporosis e.
Inclusion of therapy for osteoporosis prevention or treatment should be considered. To minimize the risk of glucocortiocoid-induced bone loss, the smallest possible effective dosage and duration should be used. Lifestyle modification to reduce the risk of osteoporosis e. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation, bisphosphonate e. Although controlled clinical trials have shown corticosteroids to be effective in speeding the resolution of acute exacerbations of multiple sclerosis, they do not show that they affect the ultimate outcome or natural history of the disease.
An acute myopathy has been observed with the use of high doses of corticosteroids, most often occurring in patients with disorders of neuromuscular transmission e. This acute myopathy is generalized, may involve ocular and respiratory muscles, and may result in quadriparesis. Elevation of creatinine kinase may occur. Clinical improvement or recovery after stopping corticosteroids may require weeks to years. Psychiatric derangements may appear when corticosteroids are used, ranging from euphoria, insomnia, mood swings, personality changes, and severe depression, to frank psychotic manifestations.
Also, existing emotional instability or psychotic tendencies may be aggravated by corticosteroids. Intraocular pressure may become elevated in some individuals. If steroid therapy is continued for more than 6 weeks, intraocular pressure should be monitored. Patients should be warned not to discontinue the use of corticosteroids abruptly or without medical supervision.
As prolonged use may cause adrenal insufficiency and make patients dependent on corticosteroids, they should advise any medical attendants that they are taking corticosteroids and they should seek medical advice at once should they develop an acute illness including fever or other signs of infection. Following prolonged therapy, withdrawal of corticosteroids may result in symptoms of the corticosteroid withdrawal syndrome including, myalgia, arthralgia, and malaise.
Persons who are on corticosteroids should be warned to avoid exposure to chickenpox or measles. Patients should also be advised that if they are exposed, medical advice should be sought without delay. When corticosteroids are administered concomitantly with potassium-depleting agents e.
In addition, there have been cases reported in which concomitant use of amphotericin B and hydrocortisone was followed by cardiac enlargement and congestive heart failure.
Concomitant use of anticholinesterase agents e. If possible, anticholinesterase agents should be withdrawn at least 24 hours before initiating corticosteroid therapy. If concomitant therapy must occur, it should take place under close supervision and the need for respiratory support should be anticipated. Coadministration of corticosteroids and warfarin usually results in inhibition of response to warfarin, although there have been some conflicting reports.
Therefore, coagulation indices should be monitored frequently to maintain the desired anticoagulant effect. Because corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations, dosage adjustments of antidiabetic agents may be required.
❾-50%}Msds of prednisone tablets -
Psychiatric derangements may appear when corticosteroids are used, ranging from euphoria, insomnia, mood swings, personality changes, and severe depression, to frank psychotic manifestations. Also, existing emotional instability or psychotic tendencies may be aggravated by corticosteroids.
Intraocular pressure may become elevated in some individuals. If steroid therapy is continued for more than 6 weeks, intraocular pressure should be monitored. Patients should be warned not to discontinue the use of corticosteroids abruptly or without medical supervision.
As prolonged use may cause adrenal insufficiency and make patients dependent on corticosteroids, they should advise any medical attendants that they are taking corticosteroids and they should seek medical advice at once should they develop an acute illness including fever or other signs of infection.
Following prolonged therapy, withdrawal of corticosteroids may result in symptoms of the corticosteroid withdrawal syndrome including, myalgia, arthralgia, and malaise.
Persons who are on corticosteroids should be warned to avoid exposure to chickenpox or measles. Patients should also be advised that if they are exposed, medical advice should be sought without delay. When corticosteroids are administered concomitantly with potassium-depleting agents e.
In addition, there have been cases reported in which concomitant use of amphotericin B and hydrocortisone was followed by cardiac enlargement and congestive heart failure. Concomitant use of anticholinesterase agents e.
If possible, anticholinesterase agents should be withdrawn at least 24 hours before initiating corticosteroid therapy. If concomitant therapy must occur, it should take place under close supervision and the need for respiratory support should be anticipated.
Coadministration of corticosteroids and warfarin usually results in inhibition of response to warfarin, although there have been some conflicting reports. Therefore, coagulation indices should be monitored frequently to maintain the desired anticoagulant effect.
Because corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations, dosage adjustments of antidiabetic agents may be required. Since systemic steroids, as well as bupropion, can lower the seizure threshold, concurrent administration should be undertaken only with extreme caution; low initial dosing and small gradual increases should be employed.
Increased activity of both cyclosporine and corticosteroids may occur when the two are used concurrently. Convulsions have been reported with this concurrent use. Estrogens, Including Oral Contraceptives.
Estrogens may decrease the hepatic metabolism of certain corticosteroids, thereby increasing their effect. Postmarketing surveillance reports indicate that the risk of tendon rupture may be increased in patients receiving concomitant fluoroquinolones e. Tendon rupture can occur during or after treatment with quinolones. Hepatic Enzyme Inducers, Inhibitors and Substrates. Drugs which inhibit CYP 3A4 e. Glucocorticoids are moderate inducers of CYP 3A4.
Coadministration with other drugs that are metabolized by CYP 3A4 e. In addition, ketoconazole alone can inhibit adrenal corticosteroid synthesis and may cause adrenal insufficiency during corticosteroid withdrawal.
Concomitant use of aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents and corticosteroids increases the risk of gastrointestinal side effects. Aspirin should be used cautiously in conjunction with corticosteroids in hypoprothrombinemia.
The clearance of salicylates may be increased with concurrent use of corticosteroids; this could lead to decreased salicylate serum levels or increase the risk of salicylate toxicity when corticosteroid is withdrawn.
In postmarketing experience, there have been reports of both increases and decreases in phenytoin levels with dexamethasone coadministration, leading to alterations in seizure control.
Phenytoin has been demonstrated to increase the hepatic metabolism of corticosteroids, resulting in a decreased therapeutic effect of the corticosteroid. Increased doses of quetiapine may be required to maintain control of symptoms of schizophrenia in patients receiving a glucocorticoid, a hepatic enzyme inducer. Coadministration with thalidomide should be employed cautiously, as toxic epidermal necrolysis has been reported with concomitant use.
Patients on corticosteroid therapy may exhibit a diminished response to toxoids and live or inactivated vaccines due to inhibition of antibody response. Corticosteroids may also potentiate the replication of some organisms contained in live attenuated vaccines. No adequate studies have been conducted in animals to determine whether corticosteroids have a potential for carcinogenesis or mutagenesis.
Steroids may increase or decrease motility and number of spermatozoa in some patients. Corticosteroids have been shown to be teratogenic in many species when given in doses equivalent to the human dose.
Animal studies in which corticosteroids have been given to pregnant mice, rats, and rabbits have yielded an increased incidence of cleft palate in the offspring. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women.
Corticosteroids should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Infants born to mothers who have received substantial doses of corticosteroids during pregnancy should be carefully observed for signs of hypoadrenalism.
Systemically administered corticosteroids appear in human milk and could suppress growth, interfere with endogenous corticosteroid production, or cause other untoward effects. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from corticosteroids, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
The efficacy and safety of corticosteroids in the pediatric population are based on the well-established course of effect of corticosteroids, which is similar in pediatric and adult populations. Published studies provide evidence of efficacy and safety in pediatric patients for the treatment of nephrotic syndrome patients greater than 2 years of age , and aggressive lymphomas and leukemias patients greater than 1 month of age.
Other indications for pediatric use of corticosteroids, e. Like adults, pediatric patients should be carefully observed with frequent measurements of blood pressure, weight, height, intraocular pressure, and clinical evaluation for the presence of infection, psychosocial disturbances, thromboembolism, peptic ulcers, cataracts, and osteoporosis. Pediatric patients who are treated with corticosteroids by any route, including systemically administered corticosteroids, may experience a decrease in their growth velocity.
This negative impact of corticosteroids on growth has been observed at low systemic doses and in the absence of laboratory evidence of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal HPA axis suppression i. Growth velocity may therefore be a more sensitive indicator of systemic corticosteroid exposure in pediatric patients than some commonly used tests of HPA axis function. The linear growth of pediatric patients treated with corticosteroids should be monitored, and the potential growth effects of prolonged treatment should be weighed against clinical benefits obtained and the availability of treatment alternatives.
In order to minimize the potential growth effects of corticosteroids, pediatric patients should be titrated to the lowest effective dose. Clinical studies did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.
In particular, the increased risk of diabetes mellitus, fluid retention and hypertension in elderly patients treated with corticosteroids should be considered. Adrenal insufficiency-greatest potential caused by high potency glucocorticoids with long duration of action associated symptoms include; arthralgias, buffalo hump, dizziness, life-threatening hypotension, nausea, severe tiredness or weakness , amenorrhea, postmenopausal bleeding or other menstrual irregularities, decreased carbohydrate and glucose tolerance, development of cushingoid state, diabetes mellitus new onset or manifestations of latent , glycosuria, hyperglycemia, hypertrichosis, hyperthyroidism see WARNINGS : Endocrine , hypothyroidism, increased requirements for insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents in diabetics, lipids abnormal, moon face, negative nitrogen balance caused by protein catabolism, secondary adrenocortical and pituitary unresponsiveness particularly in times of stress, as in trauma, surgery or illness see WARNINGS : Endocrine , suppression of growth in pediatric patients.
Gastric irritation may be reduced if taken before, during, or immediately after meals or with food or milk. The maximal activity of the adrenal cortex is between 2 am and 8 am, and it is minimal between 4 pm and midnight. Exogenous corticosteroids suppress adrenocorticoid activity the least when given at the time of maximal activity am for single dose administration.
Therefore, it is recommended that prednisone be administered in the morning prior to 9 am and when large doses are given, administration of antacids between meals to help prevent peptic ulcers. Multiple dose therapy should be evenly distributed in evenly spaced intervals throughout the day. Do not stop taking this medicine without first talking to your doctor.
Avoid abrupt withdraw of therapy. The initial dosage of prednisone may vary from 5 mg to 60 mg per day, depending on the specific disease entity being treated. In situations of less severity lower doses will generally suffice, while in selected patients higher initial doses may be required. The initial dosage should be maintained or adjusted until a satisfactory response is noted.
If after a reasonable period of time there is a lack of satisfactory clinical response, prednisone should be discontinued and the patient transferred to other appropriate therapy. After a favorable response is noted, the proper maintenance dosage should be determined by decreasing the initial drug dosage in small increments at appropriate time intervals until the lowest dosage which will maintain an adequate clinical response is reached. It should be kept in mind that constant monitoring is needed in regard to drug dosage.
If after long-term therapy the drug is to be stopped, it is recommended that it be withdrawn gradually rather than abruptly. In the treatment of acute exacerbations of multiple sclerosis daily doses of mg of prednisolone for a week followed by 80 mg every other day for 1 month have been shown to be effective. Dosage range is the same for prednisone and prednisolone. Alternate day therapy is a corticosteroid dosing regimen in which twice the usual daily dose of corticoid is administered every other morning.
The purpose of this mode of therapy is to provide the patient requiring long-term pharmacologic dose treatment with the beneficial effects of corticoids while minimizing certain undesirable effects, including pituitary-adrenal suppression, the cushingoid state, corticoid withdrawal symptoms, and growth suppression in children.
The rationale for this treatment schedule is based on two major premises: a the anti-inflammatory or therapeutic effect of corticoids persists longer than their physical presence and metabolic effects and b administration of the corticosteroid every other morning allows for re-establishment of more nearly normal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal HPA activity on the off-steroid day. A brief review of the HPA physiology may be helpful in understanding this rationale. Acting primarily through the hypothalamus a fall in free cortisol stimulates the pituitary gland to produce increasing amounts of corticotropin ACTH while a rise in free cortisol inhibits ACTH secretion.
Normally the HPA system is characterized by diurnal circadian rhythm. Serum levels of ACTH rise from a low point about 10 pm to a peak level about 6 am. Increasing levels of ACTH stimulate adrenocortical activity resulting in a rise in plasma cortisol with maximal levels occurring between 2 am and 8 am.
This rise in cortisol dampens ACTH production and in turn adrenocortical activity. There is a gradual fall in plasma corticoids during the day with lowest levels occurring about midnight. The same clinical findings of hyperadrenocorticism may be noted during long-term pharmacologic dose corticoid therapy administered in conventional daily divided doses.
It would appear, then, that a disturbance in the diurnal cycle with maintenance of elevated corticoid values during the night may play a significant role in the development of undesirable corticoid effects. Escape from these constantly elevated plasma levels for even short periods of time may be instrumental in protecting against undesirable pharmacologic effects.
During conventional pharmacologic dose corticosteroid therapy, ACTH production is inhibited with subsequent suppression of cortisol production by the adrenal cortex. Recovery time for normal HPA activity is variable depending upon the dose and duration of treatment. During this time the patient is vulnerable to any stressful situation. Although it has been shown that there is considerably less adrenal suppression following a single morning dose of prednisolone 10 mg as opposed to a quarter of that dose administered every 6 hours, there is evidence that some suppressive effect on adrenal activity may be carried over into the following day when pharmacologic doses are used.
Further, it has been shown that a single dose of certain corticosteroids will produce adrenocortical suppression for two or more days. Basic principles and indications for corticosteroid therapy should apply. The benefits of alternate day therapy should not encourage the indiscriminate use of steroids. Alternate day therapy is a therapeutic technique primarily designed for patients in whom long-term pharmacologic corticoid therapy is anticipated.
In less severe disease processes in which corticoid therapy is indicated, it may be possible to initiate treatment with alternate day therapy. More severe disease states usually will require daily divided high dose therapy for initial control of the disease process. The initial suppressive dose level should be continued until satisfactory clinical response is obtained, usually four to ten days in the case of many allergic and collagen diseases.
It is important to keep the period of initial suppressive dose as brief as possible particularly when subsequent use of alternate day therapy is intended. Once control has been established, two courses are available: a change to alternate day therapy and then gradually reduce the amount of corticoid given every other day or b following control of the disease process reduce the daily dose of corticoid to the lowest effective level as rapidly as possible and then change over to an alternate day schedule.
Theoretically, course a may be preferable. Because of the advantages of alternate day therapy, it may be desirable to try patients on this form of therapy who have been on daily corticoids for long periods of time e. Since these patients may already have a suppressed HPA axis, establishing them on alternate day therapy may be difficult and not always successful.
However, it is recommended that regular attempts be made to change them over. It may be helpful to triple or even quadruple the daily maintenance dose and administer this every other day rather than just doubling the daily dose if difficulty is encountered. Once the patient is again controlled, an attempt should be made to reduce this dose to a minimum. As indicated above, certain corticosteroids, because of their prolonged suppressive effect on adrenal activity, are not recommended for alternate day therapy e.
Exogenous corticosteroids suppress adrenocortical activity the least, when given at the time of maximal activity am. In using alternate day therapy it is important, as in all therapeutic situations to individualize and tailor the therapy to each patient.
Complete control of symptoms will not be possible in all patients. An explanation of the benefits of alternate day therapy will help the patient to understand and tolerate the possible flare-up in symptoms which may occur in the latter part of the off-steroid day.
Other symptomatic therapy may be added or increased at this time if needed. In the event of an acute flare-up of the disease process, it may be necessary to return to a full suppressive daily divided corticoid dose for control. Once control is again established alternate day therapy may be reinstituted. Although many of the undesirable features of corticosteroid therapy can be minimized by alternate day therapy, as in any therapeutic situation, the physician must carefully weigh the benefit-risk ratio for each patient in whom corticoid therapy is being considered.
Fekety R. Infections associated with corticosteroids and immunosuppressive therapy. Infectious Diseases. Philadelphia: WBSaunders Company Risk of infectious complications in patients taking glucocorticoids. Rev Infect Dis 6 Protect from light and moisture.
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Prednisone tablets, USP are indicated in the following conditions: Endocrine Disorders Primary or secondary adrenocortical insufficiency hydrocortisone or cortisone is the first choice; synthetic analogs may be used in conjunction with mineralocorticoids where applicable; in infancy mineralocorticoid supplementation is of particular importance ; congenital adrenal hyperplasia; hypercalcemia associated with cancer; nonsuppurative thyroiditis.
Rheumatic Disorders As adjunctive therapy for short-term administration to tide the patient over an acute episode or exacerbation in: psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, including juvenile rheumatoid arthritis selected cases may require low-dose maintenance therapy , ankylosing spondylitis, acute and subacute bursitis, acute nonspecific tenosynovitis, acute gouty arthritis, post-traumatic osteoarthritis, synovitis of osteoarthritis, epicondylitis.
Collagen Diseases During an exacerbation or as maintenance therapy in selected cases of: systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic dermatomyositis polymyositis , acute rheumatic carditis.
De rmatologic Diseases Pemphigus; bullous dermatitis herpetiformis; severe erythema multiforme Stevens-Johnson syndrome ; exfoliative dermatitis; mycosis fungoides; severe psoriasis; severe seborrheic dermatitis.
Allergic States Control of severe or incapacitating allergic conditions intractable to adequate trials of conventional treatment: seasonal or perennial allergic rhinitis; bronchial asthma; contact dermatitis; atopic dermatitis; serum sickness; drug hypersensitivity reactions. Ophthalmic Diseases Severe acute and chronic allergic and inflammatory processes involving the eye and its adnexa such as: allergic corneal marginal ulcers, herpes zoster ophthalmicus, anterior segment inflammation, diffuse posterior uveitis and choroiditis, sympathetic ophthalmia, allergic conjunctivitis, keratitis, chorioretinitis, optic neuritis, iritis and iridocyclitis.
Hematologic Disorders Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in adults; secondary thrombocytopenia in adults; acquired autoimmune hemolytic anemia; erythroblastopenia RBC anemia ; congenital erythroid hypoplastic anemia. Neoplastic Diseases For palliative management of: leukemias and lymphomas in adults, acute leukemia of childhood.
Edematous States To induce a diuresis or remission of proteinuria in the nephrotic syndrome, without uremia, of the idiopathic type or that due to lupus erythematosus.
Gastrointestinal Diseases To tide the patient over a critical period of the disease in: ulcerative colitis, regional enteritis. If a satisfactory response is not obtained in seven 7 days, re-evaluation of the case to confirm the original diagnosis should be made. As soon as a satisfactory clinical response is obtained, the daily dose should be reduced gradually, either to the termination of treatment in the case of acute conditions e. In chronic conditions, and in rheumatoid arthritis especially, it is important that the reduction in dosage from the initial to maintenance dose levels be accomplished slowly.
Accumulated experience has shown that the long-term benefits to be gained from continued steroid maintenance are probably greater the lower the maintenance dose level. In rheumatoid arthritis in particular, maintenance steroid therapy should be at the lowest possible level.
Important: In the therapeutic management of animal patients with chronic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, prednisolone should be regarded as a highly valuable adjunct, to be used in conjunction with, but not as replacement for, standard therapeutic measures. Contraindications: Do not use in viral infections.
The presence of diabetes, osteoporosis, predisposition to thrombophlebitis, hypertension, congestive heart failure, renal insufficiency, and active tuberculosis necessitates carefully controlled use.
Some of the above conditions occur only rarely in dogs, but should be kept in mind. Prednisolone, like methylprednisolone and other adrenocortical steroids, is a potent therapeutic agent influencing the biochemical behavior of most, if not all, tissues of the body. Because this anti-inflammatory steroid manifests little sodium-retaining activity, the usual early sign of cortisone or hydrocortisone overdosage i.
Hence, the recommended dose levels should not be exceeded, and all animal patients receiving prednisolone should be under close medical supervision. All precautions pertinent to the use of methylprednisolone apply to prednisolone. Moreover, the veterinarian should endeavor to keep informed of current studies of corticosteroids as they are reported in the veterinary literature. The use of corticosteroids, depending upon the dose, duration and specific steroid, may result in the inhibition of endogenous steroid production following drug withdrawal.
In patients presently receiving or recently withdrawn from systemic corticosteroid treatments, therapy with a rapid-acting corticosteroid should be considered only in unusually stressful situations. Cautions: Federal law restricts this drug to use by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian. Because of its inhibitory effect on fibroplasia, prednisolone may mask the signs of infection and enhance dissemination of the infecting organism.
Hence, all animal patients receiving prednisolone should be watched for any evidence of intercurrent infection. Should infection occur, it must be brought under control by the use of appropriate antibacterial measures, or the administration of prednisolone should be discontinued. Clinical and experimental data have demonstrated that corticosteroids administered orally or parenterally to animals may induce the first stage of parturition if used during the last trimester of pregnancy and may precipitate premature parturition followed by dystocia, fetal death, retained placenta, and metritis.
Additionally, corticosteroids administered to dogs, rabbits, and rodents during pregnancy have resulted in cleft palate in offspring. Corticosteroids administered to dogs during pregnancy have also resulted in other congenital anomalies, including deformed forelegs, phocomelia, and anasarca.
Side Effects: Prednisolone is similar to methylprednisolone with regard to the kinds of side effects and metabolic alterations to be anticipated when the treatment is intensive or prolonged.
Representative of the conditions in which the use of steroid therapy and the benefits to be derived therefrom have had repeated confirmation in the veterinary literature are: 1 dermal conditions, such as nonspecific eczema, summer dermatitis, and burns; 2 allergic manifestations, such as acute urticaria, allergic dermatitis, drug and serum reactions, bronchial asthma, and pollen sensitivities; 3 ocular conditions, such as iritis, iridocyclitis, secondary glaucoma, uveitis, and chorioretinitis; 4 otic conditions, such as otitis externa; 5 musculoskeletal conditions, such as myositis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteo-arthritis, and bursitis; 6 various chronic or recurrent diseases of unknown etiology such as ulcerative colitis and nephrosis.
In acute adrenal insufficiency, prednisolone may be effective because of its ability to correct the defect in carbohydrate metabolism and relieve the impaired diuretic response to water, characteristic of primary or secondary adrenal insufficiency.
However, because this agent lacks significant mineralocorticoid activity, hydrocortisone sodium succinate, hydrocortisone, or cortisone should be used when salt retention is indicated. Pharmacology: Prednisolone, like methylprednisolone, is a potent anti-inflammatory steroid. Prednisolone, 11,17,21 - trihydroxypregna- 1,4-diene-3,dione, is a synthetic dehydrogenated analogue of cortisone. Prednisolone and methylprednisolone have a greater anti-inflammatory potency and have less tendency to induce sodium and water retention than the older corticoids, cortisone and hydrocortisone.
The relative anti-inflammatory potency for hydrocortisone is 1. The relative sodium retaining potency for hydrocortisone is 4, prednisolone is 3 and methylprednisolone is 2. The prime objective of steroid therapy should be to achieve a satisfactory degree of control with a minimum effective daily dose. The dosage recommendations are suggested average total daily doses and are intended as guides. As with other orally administered corticosteroids, the total daily dose of prednisolone should be given in equally divided doses.
The initial suppressive dose level is continued until a satisfactory clinical response is obtained, usually a period of two 2 to seven 7 days in the case of musculoskeletal diseases, allergic conditions affecting the skin or respiratory tract, and ocular inflammatory diseases. If a satisfactory response is not obtained in seven 7 days, re-evaluation of the case to confirm the original diagnosis should be made.
As soon as a satisfactory clinical response is obtained, the daily dose should be reduced gradually, either to the termination of treatment in the case of acute conditions e. In chronic conditions, and in rheumatoid arthritis especially, it is important that the reduction in dosage from the initial to maintenance dose levels be accomplished slowly.
Accumulated experience has shown that the long-term benefits to be gained from continued steroid maintenance are probably greater the lower the maintenance dose level. In rheumatoid arthritis in particular, maintenance steroid therapy should be at the lowest possible level. Important: In the therapeutic management of animal patients with chronic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, prednisolone should be regarded as a highly valuable adjunct, to be used in conjunction with, but not as replacement for, standard therapeutic measures.
Contraindications: Do not use in viral infections. The presence of diabetes, osteoporosis, predisposition to thrombophlebitis, hypertension, congestive heart failure, renal insufficiency, and active tuberculosis necessitates carefully controlled use. Some of the above conditions occur only rarely in dogs, but should be kept in mind.
Prednisolone, like methylprednisolone and other adrenocortical steroids, is a potent therapeutic agent influencing the biochemical behavior of most, if not all, tissues of the body.
Because this anti-inflammatory steroid manifests little sodium-retaining activity, the usual early sign of cortisone or hydrocortisone overdosage i. Hence, the recommended dose levels should not be exceeded, and all animal patients receiving prednisolone should be under close medical supervision. All precautions pertinent to the use of methylprednisolone apply to prednisolone.
Moreover, the veterinarian should endeavor to keep informed of current studies of corticosteroids as they are reported in the veterinary literature. The use of corticosteroids, depending upon the dose, duration and specific steroid, may result in the inhibition of endogenous steroid production following drug withdrawal. In patients presently receiving or recently withdrawn from systemic corticosteroid treatments, therapy with a rapid-acting corticosteroid should be considered only in unusually stressful situations.
Cautions: Federal law restricts this drug to use by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian. Because of its inhibitory effect on fibroplasia, prednisolone may mask the signs of infection and enhance dissemination of the infecting organism.
Hence, all animal patients receiving prednisolone should be watched for any evidence of intercurrent infection. Should infection occur, it must be brought under control by the use of appropriate antibacterial measures, or the administration of prednisolone should be discontinued.
Clinical and experimental data have demonstrated that corticosteroids administered orally or parenterally to animals may induce the first stage of parturition if used during the last trimester of pregnancy and may precipitate premature parturition followed by dystocia, fetal death, retained placenta, and metritis.
Additionally, corticosteroids administered to dogs, rabbits, and rodents during pregnancy have resulted in cleft palate in offspring. Corticosteroids administered to dogs during pregnancy have also resulted in other congenital anomalies, including deformed forelegs, phocomelia, and anasarca. Side Effects: Prednisolone is similar to methylprednisolone with regard to the kinds of side effects and metabolic alterations to be anticipated when the treatment is intensive or prolonged.
In animal patients with diabetes mellitus, the use of prednisolone may be associated with an increase in the insulin requirement. Negative nitrogen balance may occur, particularly in animals that require protracted maintenance therapy; measures to counteract persistent nitrogen loss include a high protein intake and the administration, when indicated, of a suitable anabolic agent.
Excessive loss of potassium, like excessive retention of sodium, is not likely to be induced by effective maintenance doses of prednisolone. However, these effects should be kept in mind and the usual regulatory measures employed as indicated. Ecchymotic manifestations in dogs may occur. If such reactions do occur and are serious, a reduction in the dose or discontinuance of prednisolone therapy may be indicated. Side effects, such as SAP and SALT enzyme elevations, weight loss, anorexia, polydipsia and polyuria have occurred following the use of synthetic corticosteroids in dogs.
Vomiting and diarrhea occasionally bloody have also been observed. Since prednisolone, like methylprednisolone, suppresses endogenous adrenocortical activity, it is very important that the animal patient receiving prednisolone be under careful observation, not only during the course of treatment, but for some time after the treatment is terminated. Adequate adrenocortical supportive therapy with cortisone or hydrocortisone, and including ACTH, must be promptly employed if the animal is subjected to any unusual stress such as surgery, trauma, or severe infection.
References: Available upon request. Presentation: Bottles of 5MG, 1, tablets, and 20mg Tablets.
This SDS applies only to the material as packaged. If this product is combined with other materials, deteriorates, or becomes contaminated, it. SAFETY DATA SHEET. 1. IDENTIFICATION. Product identifier. Product Name: Prednisone Tablets. Synonyms: predniSONE Tablets; Prednisone Tablets. XVD ( tablets of 1mg prednisolone). XVD ( tablets of 5mg prednisolone) Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet. SDS: Prednisolone Oral Solution, USP. 1 of 7. SAFETY DATA SHEET. 1. Identification and inability to localize infection when corticosteroids are. Prednisone tablets, USP contain prednisone which is a glucocorticoid. Glucocorticoids are adrenocortical steroids, both naturally occurring and synthetic, which. Signs of peritoneal irritation following gastrointestinal perforation in patients receiving corticosteroids may be minimal or absent. Cautions: Federal law restricts this drug to use by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian. Gastrointestinal Diseases To tide the patient over a critical period of the disease in: ulcerative colitis, regional enteritis. Like adults, pediatric patients should be carefully observed with frequent measurements of blood pressure, weight, height, intraocular pressure, and clinical evaluation for the presence of infection, psychosocial disturbances, thromboembolism, peptic ulcers, cataracts, and osteoporosis.It may not be resolved to Benzac. Ready read with care. It is very diligent that you use this medicine only as directed. Do not use more of it, do not use it more often, and do not use it for a healthier time than your doctor ordered.
To do so may cause your skin to be resumed.
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